Tag: KETTLE REBOILER

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TT-36 Vibration analysis of kettle reboilers using Xvib

February 05, 2026

Component: Xist and Xvib  Date posted: 5 February 2026 HTRI recommends that all users with access to Xvib should use its analysis for any Xist warning messages regarding vibration, especially for U-tubes. Xist does not explicitly analyze vibration in U-tubes, and its results may be nonconservative. TT-35 addresses common Xist warnings about tube vibration in...
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• PARAMETRIC STUDY TOOL
• XVIB
• XIST
• VIBRATION
• KETTLE REBOILER

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TT-35 Vibration analysis of kettle reboilers using Xist

February 05, 2026

Component: Xist Date posted: 5 February 2026 Kettle reboilers (TEMA K shells) are expected to operate without vibration. Unresolved vibration issues during design can cause equipment damage, unplanned shutdowns, and costly production losses and field repairs. This document summarizes common Xist tube vibration warnings and offers guidance on how to address...
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• XIST
• VIBRATION
• KETTLE REBOILER

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BK1-19 Transition and Film Boiling Methods for Kettle Reboilers

November 21, 2022

This report proposes several correlations based on physical properties to replace the current reduced-pressure correlations Xist® 9.0 uses to determine the maximum heat flux and film boiling heat transfer coefficient for kettle reboilers. It discusses methods to determine the critical temperature differences and documents a new transition boiling method that improves...
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• PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• KETTLE REBOILER
• BOILING

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BK1-18 A Parametric Study of Entrainment Using CFD Simulations

November 10, 2022

Accurate prediction of kettle entrainment is crucial for sizing kettles effectively, reducing equipment cost, and increasing column efficiency. Operating experience has informed the development of simple sizing rules. Two-phase CFD models can compute the amount of entrainment directly from the governing equations of motion. Two computational approaches are demonstrated: one uses...
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• XIST
• KETTLE REBOILER
• ENTRAINMENT
• CFD

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BK1-17 Improvements to HTRI 1D Kettle Circulation Model

October 18, 2022

This report discusses bundle pressure drop and recirculation flow rate measurements. Comparing HTRI data trends to the bundle flow rate measurements from the literature, we developed an improved circulation model for kettle reboilers. The improved model predicts a higher recirculation, especially at a high vapor generation, which also improves the thermal...
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• PRESSURE DROP
• KETTLE REBOILER
• BOILING

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BK1-15 Applications of Ideal Bundle Boiling Methods to X-shell and Kettle Reboilers

June 30, 2017

Flow boiling prediction methods were recently improved using data collected from ideal crossflow bundles. When applied with accurate property models, these modified methods also improve prediction of X‑shell and kettle reboiler heat transfer measurements. Future implementation of the modified methods in Xchanger Suite should improve the accuracy of flow boiling predictions;...
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• BOILING
• KETTLE REBOILER

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TechTip: Kettle Entrainment Prediction

January 16, 2017

After discussing an overview of kettle reboilers and the fundamentals of entrainment, this webinar reviews Xist® input and output as well as design considerations that affect kettle entrainment. By working through an example case, this webinar teaches that accurate prediction of liquid entrainment is crucial for some applications, that liquid carryover...
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• ENTRAINMENT
• KETTLE REBOILER
• TECHTIP
• XIST

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BK1-14 Heat Transfer of Kettle Reboiler Tubes Above the Liquid Level

January 16, 2017

This report reviews literature and HTRI kettle reboiler data obtained when the liquid level was below the top of the tube bundle. We propose both a method to predict the two-phase jet height above the liquid level and an algorithm for predicting the heat transfer coefficient above the liquid level....
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• BOILING
• KETTLE REBOILER

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TechTip: Modeling and Designing Non-round Bundles for Kettle Reboilers

January 16, 2017

This webinar discusses the advantages of flat-top bundles, reviews the implementation of the circulation boiling model in Xchanger Suite® prior to version 7, and discusses the improvements in version 7....
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• FLAT BUNDLE
• KETTLE REBOILER
• TECHTIP
• XCHANGER SUITE

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Research Update: Modeling Flat Bundles in Kettle Reboilers

January 16, 2017

Engineers may design flat bundles in kettle reboilers by removing tuberows from round bundles to create a larger disengagement space. This webinar discusses application of the kettle reboiler circulation boiling model to flat bundles. It reviews calculations for the static driving head and maximum heat flux for flat bundles. We also...
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• BOILING
• FLAT BUNDLE
• KETTLE REBOILER
• RESEARCH

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BK1-12 Three-Dimensional CFD Simulations of Kettle Reboilers

January 16, 2017

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of experimental kettle reboiler slices from the literature, as well as from the HTRI kettle reboiler, allow examination of fluid flow behavior on a fine spatial scale—significantly beyond the resolution of available experimental measurements. Interestingly, our simulations of kettle slices yield recirculation ratios that agree...
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• XIST
• KETTLE REBOILER
• CFD

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BK1-11 Two-Dimensional CFD Simulations of Kettle Reboilers

January 16, 2017

To gain further insight into kettle reboiler operation and improve Xist® models, we simulated several kettle reboilers in two dimensions using CFD. The two-phase simulation results show good agreement with pressure drop and vapor volume fraction measurements from the literature. However, recirculation ratios calculated from the CFD results are substantially greater...
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• TWO-PHASE FLOW
• KETTLE REBOILER
• CFD

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